Eczema and psoriasis often present with shared symptoms, including intense itchiness, rash-like patches, redness, and dryness. Despite their similar appearances and potential for misidentification, these are distinct forms of skin inflammation, each with unique underlying mechanisms.
Eczema
Eczema is primarily characterised by an undeniable urge to itch. It causes the skin to become inflamed and red, sometimes progressing to swelling and even bleeding. While often rooted in inflammation, eczema can also arise from extreme dryness, exposure to irritants (such as harsh detergents or chemicals), stress, and even environmental factors like acute heat or humidity.
The onset of eczema typically occurs in infancy or childhood, with the condition frequently improving with age. It is rare for eczema to manifest for the first time in adulthood.
Atopic dermatitis is a hereditary and chronic form of eczema, known for its intermittent flare-ups that can then subside for months or even years.
Treatment for eczema varies based on severity, ranging from standard over-the-counter moisturisers to topical steroids prescribed by a medical professional. When managing eczema, it is crucial to avoid soaps and products containing alcohol or fragrance as well as any active ingredients on affected areas, as these can disrupt the compromised skin barrier. Instead, the focus should be on nourishing moisturisers specifically formulated for sensitive skin types, applied multiple times daily to ensure continuous hydration. For severe cases, a prescribed oral medication may be deemed necessary by a healthcare provider.
Psoriasis
In contrast, psoriasis is a chronic autoimmune disease characterised by a persistent itch, often coupled with a stinging or burning sensation. Ordinarily, skin cells regenerate approximately every 28 days. However, individuals with psoriasis experience a dramatically accelerated cell turnover rate, with skin cells regenerating every three to four days. This rapid proliferation results in an excess accumulation of dead skin cells, which manifest as distinct, raised, and scaly patches on the skin's surface. Psoriasis commonly appears on the knees, elbows, and scalp, though it can emerge anywhere on the body.
Unlike eczema, which more often appears in childhood, psoriasis typically emerges in early adulthood. Psoriasis is considered a lifelong condition and, in some instances, can indicate a predisposition to more serious systemic health conditions such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and depression.
Given its chronic nature and the absence of a complete cure, treatment for psoriasis focuses on managing symptoms and improving quality of life rather than aiming for complete elimination. Management strategies can include prescription retinol creams, steroid creams, targeted light therapy, and various systemic medications, all determined by a healthcare professional.
Professional Consultation
As with any persistent or severe skin condition, it is always advisable to consult a dermatologist or medical doctor if eczema or psoriasis is suspected, particularly before symptoms become unmanageable. A thorough consultation will ensure a correct diagnosis and the recommendation of an appropriate, personalised course of action.
